Education Review

Liting Wang Professor Feindert ENGWR 48007 April 2018 Critique of â€Å"There is Need to Review Our Education System† The article â€Å"There is Need to Review Our Education System† by Rhoda Kalema, a well-known author and title holder of ‘Uganda's Forum for Women in Democracy as a transformative leader 1996†², looks at some pressing issues that the education system of Uganda currently faces. There have been no proper mechanisms to foresee high-quality education offered in the country. She explains that the experience of educated people shows their fear towards the future to come of the present day education around the world. If people do not have good education, they will not have a bright future. As a result, a country like Uganda might fall backwards and will be left very weak. It will affect the country's improvement in many ways. She suggests that, the education administration should start focusing on this situation. In addition, both learners and teachers face challenges that make it impossible for the education system to be ranked anywhere in the world. The government is aware of these challenges but offers no solution. Through critique, the key issues facing the primary, secondary, and vocational education in Uganda are examined. The opinion that is currently viable to revive this whole situation is an overall reviewing of the education system from the tradition one to a modern one that will suit the needs of the students and benefit them to fight in equal terms with the rest of the students, if not in the world but Africa. One of the most interesting factors with the education system is one that dates back more than four decades ago when fresh graduate teachers had the aim of literally igniting the classrooms. Shortly when they dive into the adventure towards greatness, these graduates understand that the procedure has been pre-decided and what is required of them is to stick within classroom limits of the syllabus. The objective here is to cover the syllabus, and any idea of presenting new substance is disapproved. There is no space for learning the information's purpose, an instructor in class is to educate and how well one educates is obvious through students' execution in exams. Those who have different thoughts of possibly to energize the students, and familiarize them with new ideas and thoughts, influence them to think, and long to know more, are left to swallow their skills and watch as the students follow the old road of the low-quality education. Guardians and parents expect more from schools. They have high expectations that school will change their kids. Occasionally, they even observe the instructor as a wonderful professional of sorts, after all an educator could influence a child to learn. A typical presumption is that tutoring will shape the children and the instructor will be the one individual to guarantee this happens. In any case, things are not as basic and practical as they appear, and teachers face challenges explaining to parents that with this old education system, they should not expect much from their children. What the government has failed to understand is that Education is a public entity, which has a good aim of providing quality training with a specific end goal to reduce variations (instruction as an equalizer). Framework change should address parts of value and correspondence and additionally the more extensive quality objective. The change procedure must be incorporated, problematic, and transformative for there to be substantial outcomes for all students. An intricate procedure must be acknowledged through community-oriented associations amongst government and other key players like guardians, current society, and the private area. Sometimes individuals expect too much from old system framework models to deliver present day 21st-century skilled students. Uganda, like the rest of Africa, has a considerably young populace that forms an important part of the human resource. The youth forms the vital group that is thought to take Africa to the next African Rebellion urged by education and training. Based on the problems that the Ugandan education system is facing, the following are some of the ways that can help redeem the learners from surging into the problematic conditions just like their predecessors. The author's argument is presented in an organized and visually cluttered manner. The author presents his points with illustrations cited well from the article. The author points out the most exciting factors with the education system. â€Å"Everyone in the country and even those outside who have ever experienced a balanced education about 25-30 years ago are in pain over what is happening in the education sphere†. As evident from the article, shortly when they dive into the adventure towards greatness, these graduates understand that the procedure has been pre-decided and what is required of them is to stick within classroom limits of the syllabus. The objective here is to cover the syllabus, and any idea of presenting new substance is disapproved. Another factor that makes the article organised is the avoidance of placing unnecessary quote in the article. Instead the author options to explain to bring out the main points. For instance, in order to better understand the problems that face the education system because of government failure†¦ â€Å"I would like to reflect on several aspects that I have observed, which will bring doom to our education sector, unless a review is done immediately and aggressively†, the author puts the points down as illustrated below without filling the essay with unnecessary quotes. The author has concrete evidence that he uses to make logical appeals and the strength of this posting is rooted in the author's ability to bring out points to illustrate the failures that are evident to every reader of the article. Anything that contributes to meeting the huge needs of the education systems in Africa is a positive thing, such programs or projects are driven by people who want to serve the general good of the country in the area that, as a reminder, is the top priority of all priorities. The impression that one's gets is that there is a desire to be involved in proposing the beginnings of a solution, a standard foundation for teaching that will integrate specific local features and at the same time train future citizens of an interconnected and culturally very mixed world. A change of school learning system will reflect this concept, and it is an interesting one. In conclusion, the author has managed to create a list of reasons that would help the government and relevant stakeholders argue their case mostly for naught. The important thing is that there are on-going discussion and dialogue, and adjustments constantly being made to ensure the consistency at country level and then ideally, at the level of each regional African community, of an educational offering that necessarily has to be diversified. This is also one of the recommendations from the summary of the debate that we must have high-level, national education authorities, which must be separate and independent from the governments. They should also be tasked with the responsibility of managing the fundamental choices affecting education systems in the long term, to set a course that is not changed every time there is a change in government. Work CitedKalema, Rhoda. â€Å"There is Need to Review Our Education System.† Africa News Service, 1 Apr. 2009. Opposing Viewpoints In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A196876335/OVIC?u=sacr73031;sid=OVIC;xid=d 3a28488. Accessed 3 Apr. 2018.

Erikson’s Psychosocial Development

Erik Erikson outlines eight stages in the psychosocial development of a healthy human being, in which the stages are characterized by conflicts. The ego is at the center of all these developments (Wagner, 2005). Infancy This stage is from birth up to 18 months. During this time, the child's ego develops trust and the central figure in his universe is his mother. How he trusts or mistrusts those around him will depend on his maternal relationship. The child's experience at this stage could help mold how he will interact with people in his adult life.In the movie â€Å"Psycho (1960),† Norman only had his mother since birth. They were very close that he considers her his only friend. Norman was not weaned from his dependence that he carried it all throughout his adulthood. When his parent found a new lover, it made Norman so jealous that he killed her. He resolved his guilt by keeping his mother's corpse in the house. Muscular-Anal The second stage in the psychosocial development is from 18 months to three years. At this point of a child's development, Erikson explains that there is a growing sense of independence that is being experienced by the child.It's important for parents to understand the child's need for support because it would tell him that you are there to help develop his capabilities. There would be constant conflict if the parent won't learn to give in to the child. The child experiences conflicting feelings of initiative and doubt at this point. Psychosocial Development 2 The movie â€Å"Baby Geniuses,† shows a bunch of toddlers who are being kept in a lab so that researchers would understand a universal secret. However, the toddler Sly is showing off his independence by wanting to escape from the lab, and to which he actually succeeds.His escape is just the start of a series of antics that toddlers have to do in order to stop the designs of an evil scientist. Play Age The child at this point, from three to six years old, is already l earning basic skills and how to master the things around him. The child displays initiative and the courage to complete tasks. He also shows the capacity to make decisions for himself. At the same time, he may also feel guilty if he is unable to complete something that he wants to do. When the result of his initiative is negative, this may make the child uneasy and resort to displaying aggressiveness or inhibition.The parents must balance the initiative and guilt by giving the child tasks that are appropriate for his age. In the movie â€Å"300,† Spartans shun deformities and anything that is not perfect in their eyes. As a young boy, Leonides was already trained to prepare himself to become king. Play for them involves fighting and brawling. Early on, he already knew that he must achieve certain tasks to prove his worth. He needed to survive being out in the wilds with only himself to depend on. Leonides was able to overcome the tests and he returned to Sparta as a man. Scho ol AgeIn the school age, from seven to 10 years old, a child has to find balance between doing too much and doing too little. If a child does too many complex tasks, he forgets to have fun like Psychosocial Development 3 other children. But when he gets to do very little, the chance for success is slim. This could result to inferiority. Adults around the child must strike a balance between industry and inferiority in order to mold the child into a competent individual. Without the proper balance, the child will grow up feeling inferior to his peers in terms of social skills.John Nash, the genius from the movie â€Å"A Beautiful Mind,† suffers from inferiority complex as a result of his being aloof during the school age. He preferred academic tasks rather than being with other kids his age. He was always alone. As a result, Nash didn't know how to be close to other people. Nash was not able to resolve the conflict on his own. He talked about his fears and frustrations concerni ng the opposite sex to his roommate. Adolescence Between 10 and 17 years of age, an adolescent is conscious of how others look at him.It is important that at this stage the adolescent is reassured of his worth as a person. An adolescent who receives good familial support will often behave better among his peers. This is the point when the adolescent will be aware of his sexual identity. The adolescent either develops his own identity or be confused about it. The movie â€Å"Boys Don't Cry,† is the story of Brandon Teena who was born a female but chose to become male in high school. This identity change was the result of a sexual assault that Brandon experienced at the hand of a male relative.No one, except his mother, knew that Brandon was female. He dated several girls in high school. Psychosocial Development 4 Young Adulthood The young adult stage, according to Erikson, is between 18 to 40 years old. This is the point where the adult chooses between intimacy or isolation. A t the early part of this stage, the person is interested in friendships and blending his identity with those of his friends. Later on, the young adult becomes ready for an intimate and close relationship with another individual.At the same time, the young adult must understand and not fear isolation because this would come handy in later years. Rejection, break-ups and being alone are things that a young adult must be able to handle. Andy Stitzer, a typical nerd in the movie â€Å"A Forty Year Old Virgin,† is a man who understands being alone. He has never been in an intimate relationship with another person. He was finally convinced to become intimate with a girl by his friends. This leads to Andy welcoming more people in his life and gaining new friends and acquaintances. Middle AdulthoodThe middle adulthood stage comes when a person reaches 40 years old and ends at 65 years old. At this point, the person is either driven by the need to become a guide to the younger generat ion or be complacent and let the years keep him in stagnation. Tony Starks, or the â€Å"Iron Man,† is a 40 something arms manufacturer who had a change of heart after his captivity. He became engaged in correcting the mistakes he made in the past to preserve the world for the future generations. Instead of making arms to increase his wealth, he turned into a superhero to save those in need.Psychosocial Development 5 Late Adulthood From 65 years onwards, the person enters the late adulthood phase. During these years, the person looks back on the past years and evaluates the kind of life he lived. From this, the person will either feel that he has live a life of integrity, or he will be in despair (Clifton & Davis, 1995) . If there is gladness for the good times, acceptance for what could not be, and forgiveness for mistakes, then the person will be at peace and become prepared for whatever the years are yet to bring.But for the person who does not learn to accept and forgive, he has a tendency to suffer depression. Edward Cole, a billionaire in the movie â€Å"Bucketlist,† had lived a life of eccentricity and isolation. But after he was diagnosed with cancer in his later years, Cole became friends with another cancer patient Carter Chambers. The two embarked on a life-changing journey, which turned Cole into a better person. By accepting his mistakes and doing something about them, Cole was able to enjoy the last of his days, free from guilt and other burdens. ReferencesChild Development Institute, LLC. Stages of Social-Emotional Development In Children and Teenagers. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http://www. childdevelopmentinfo. com/development/erickson. shtml Clifton, A. , & Davis, D. (1995). Psychosocial Theory: Erikson. Haverford Home Page. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http://www. haverford. edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/erikson. stages. html Wagner, K. V. (2005). Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development. About. com: Psychology. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http://psychology. about. com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/psychosocial_3. htm

Annotated Bibliography

This article gives a good overview of actual computer crimes and general information and examples such. Information about what is involved in a computer crime and what the laws enforced are all discussed in this article. The Challenge Of White Collar Sentencing. (2007,Spring) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 731(29). Retrieved July 1st from Gale Power Search Database Great source of explanation and real examples of how it is tough to keep white collar criminals behind bars and what is being done to fix this problem. Examples of what the author thinks to enforce white collar sentencing are also given. Multilevel Franchise or Pyramid Scheme? (1985, October) Journal of Small Business Management, 54 (5). Retrieved July 1st from Gale Power Search Database The famous pyramid scheme is dissected and shows the ins and outs. This article discusses how legal businesses find loop holes and teeter on the edge of legality. The Fight Against Fraud: A Look At Best Practices Used in the Effort to Defeat Corporate Fraud. (2004, April) Internal Auditor, 34 (5) Retrieved July 1st from Gale Power Search Database The methods of beating fraud in corporations are discussed along with how certain situations have been squashed. Many individuals have worked very hard to beat these crimes and it shows how they did it. Signs Of Fraud (2000, December) The CPA Journal, 60, retrieved July 1st from Gale Power Search Database This article is taken from actual CPA’s and how they can detect signs of fraudulent activities within corporations or small business’s. It shows how many activities may seem harmless but may actually be certain signs of crimes being committed. Crime Wave! The 100 Corporate Criminals of the 1990’s (1999, July) 9, Multinational Monitor, Retrieved July 1st from Gale Power Search Database This article discusses great examples of real offenders and white collar crimes of all types. Even goes into detail about a well know company such as Royal Caribbean and how they too have had individuals who were committing fraud. Finding Fraud on the Internet (1996, October) 14 (4), Internal Auditor, Retrieved July 1st from Gale Power Search Database This article goes into detail about the most widely known source of fraud: the internet. This source gives examples from auditors and studies that have been performed when looking for internet fraud along with the results. It also discusses why white collar crimes are sometimes overlooked and not viewed upon as criminals. Booth,K. (2002)Called to Account. Time Article. Retrieved July 1, 2008, from http://www. time. com/time/business/article/0,8599,263006,00. html This is an article about the famous Enron scandal. This is one of the most widely known scandals and gives all the details and steps they took to their huge failure. Question: From what I understand I would think all you have to do is make sure the references are in alphabetical order and remove the bibliographies.

Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Review - Article Example The major functions generally involve searching of the relevant literature for establishing the contact with the discipline for writing the relevant literature. At the time of searching of the literature, practitioners are faced with various challenges. In this regard, the practitioners search for the journals which are not accessible for everyone. Some journals are only accessible for key users, which are recognized as one of the big issues for the practitioners. The second problem relates to the accessing of the journals during the research. There are few prominent solutions, to this issue, such as many sites are provided for accessing the articles without any subscription charges and the research scholars are suggested to figure out a list of the relevant journals for the research purpose (Carr &Briggs, n.d.). The study is based upon the indirect behavioral observation. Thus, the study is qualitative in nature. Correspondingly, the research design has been established. The study can be referred to base on indirect observation as it involves reviewing the articles of others. The research design will be rated three as per the SMRS application (The National Autism Center, 2009). The measurement of the dependent variable is related to the availability of the subject related literature articles. The practitioners are engaged in exploring articles of others. Hence, they are dependent upon the availability of such accessible articles. The indirect observation also explains that the problems related to the unavailability of the accurate articles are the dependent variable of the research. On the basis of the given information, the writer will rate four by using the SMRS (The National Autism Center, 2009). The independent variable of the study is the subject of the research paper. On the basis of the indirect observation, it can be determined that approximately 80% of the literature review to be

The Motivating Factors in the French Wars of Religion Essay

The Motivating Factors in the French Wars of Religion - Essay Example The essay "The Motivating Factors in the French Wars of Religion" discusses the socio-political situation created by the French Was of Religion in order to identify and interpret the traits of change in terms of human consciousness in every aspect of existence. The French Revolution though is considered as the most radical incident in the context of France’s social history, however, the background of the change was gradually being prepared for the early 16th century and the outbreak of the French Wars of Religion can be considered as one of the most important indications of the change. Though recognized as the Wars of Religion, however, in reality, they were actually French civil wars and religion became a driving engine. It has further been observed that â€Å"†¦ religion was not the only factor that contributed to the French Civil wars. Towns and provinces, which had long resisted the growing power of monarchical centralization, were only too willing to join the revolt against the monarchy. This was also true for the nobility, and the fact that so many of them were Calvinists created an important base of opposition to the crown. The French Wars of Religion presented a major constitutional crisis for France and temporarily halted the development of the French centralized state. The claim to a person’s loyalties by the ruling dynasty was temporarily suspended by loyalty to one’s religious beliefs†. The spread of Protestantism in the 16th century was considered by the French empires as a matter of a serious concern.

Black Boy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Black Boy - Essay Example Accordingly, the author has chosen to focus on 5 unique situations that are indicative of the hardships caused by Jim Crow on Richard Wright’s formative years in Part 1 of the autobiography (the part that details his life in the South prior to a move to Chicago). The first of these is the general lack of work and economic hardships that is such a mainstay of the opening pages of the story. The hardship and deprivation were of course felt by many in the Deep South; however, none more so than the African American community. As these were both the least educated and most repressed, finding steady and gainful employment was nearly impossible. Something that is further evidenced by this is the fact that no one was able to fall back on their savings or any form of contingency plans they had made. Whereas many individuals in our current society have the ability to stash away a bit of savings in case the unthinkable happens, Richard Wright’s family was living on the very border of destitution even when the mother was employed and working multiple jobs. Of course this meant that when disaster struck and she was taken ill, there was no recourse but to fall back on the mercy and kindness of her extended family. ... A further evidence of how Jim Crow affected the life of young Richard Wright is seen in the fact that he regularly misses school and eventually drops out early on in his youth (Wright 18). However, what is noticeably absent is the mention of any type of truancy officer or guidance counselor that is able to check on young Richard Wright and encourage the family to keep the young boy in school. Rather, it is painfully evident that the educational system cares little for the loss of one little black boy from the system. Such an eventuality acquaints the reader with the net worth that the Jim Crow South placed on the black person’s role in society. Richard relates that life became noticeably better when he was able to move in with his aunt and uncle who, by the standards he was accustomed, earned a very good living. Richard’s uncle, Hoskins, ran a successful saloon in town and was able to adequately provide for all of the family members under his roof in this way. Howvever, the jealousy and horror of racism and Jim Crow reared its head again in this location and affected the murder of Hoskins at the hands of an angry and jealous group of white men in town. At the heart of Jim Crow one understands there is a primal fear that the black person would rise and better himself; thereby freeing himself/herself from the constraints of slavery and servitude that had for so long defined his/her existence. In this way, the reader is made aware of the fact that Hoskin’s death was merely an extension of the problems and issues of racism and Jim Crow that had been experienced in various ways previously in his story. The final instance of this which will be discussed in this brief paper is concentric around the

Literacy Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literacy Narrative - Essay Example This made me have a hard time to establish relationships with my colleagues especially because my parents pushed me hard to maintain good grades while I struggle to resist the diversions like my love for soccer. Because of this, I had to balance my time for academics and at the same time extracurricular activities and make sure not one of which would pull one down. Sooner, I realized that the free society of America was to my advantage because it had given me the freedom that I did not enjoy at home. Whenever I am in school or with friends, I am truly me. However, the price to pay for that freedom would be the fact that I had to be more responsible for my own actions and the consequences of which. During my whole experience, one of the most useful lessons I learned would be learning how other foreign students survive and at the same time enjoy themselves in this situation. This really made my life a lot easier as I would not have to go through the rocky roads instead, walk in the paved ones already. Another would be knowing that practice makes perfect. Thus, to do so, during the weekly get togethers in the Global Heritage Hall of the campus, I threw myself in every conversation I can have with friends that spoke English because I know it would strengthen my language grasp and command over spoken and written English. Aside from that, I even made more friends, two of whom were Americans who had come from Texas. It was the time when I found out that surviving language barrier was not an impossible dream at all. My journey did not stop with just learning new English words and putting it all together to make a sensible statement. One of the important factors in learning a new language would be humor. I consider it as a vital factor that connected people of different walks in life and race not only through words but at the same time through memorable dialogue and helped us to overcome the awkwardness of the language wall. I

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 57

Journal - Essay Example They are adopted to a big number of, say, representatives of Judaism, as there are many Jewish senators, congressmen, businessmen and other important people, but Islamic tradition on the second place on the list of religions is still a surprise. The other religions that constitute major parts in this regard are Buddhism and the already mentioned Judaism. There is also Baha’i religion present in the USA, but this is not a very large group of people, and the state of affairs with Hindu is just a little bit better – they are a bigger religious society. The US citizens are concerned with such a big popularity of Islam in their country, because, in the course of the latest news coming from the place of the world which Islam is typical of, some ethnic and religious groups want to create sharia law in Islam as a major system of the Islamic law, and its severe control over the person’s life makes people think whether it is or it is not a limitation of one’s freedo ms. The reason for such a diversity of religious traditions in the US is that there are different nations present in this country, which, obviously, have their typical religions which they have brought with them when moving to the US: Buddhism is typical of the Asians, Islam is typical of the Arabic people, Judaism – of the Jews and so on. Islam, however, might have gained more supporters among the African Americans of the southern states who converted, or reverted, to Islam. The point of concern here is that the image of the religious America is not complete because the people who usually identify themselves as non-believers, such as atheists or agnostics, are not included into religious charts when conducting surveys of such a type, and the share of people belonging to this category is considerably big. Here there is also an opinion that, though these people do not believe in a particular

Discuss the rationale behind recent changes in the design and delivery Essay

Discuss the rationale behind recent changes in the design and delivery of labour market programmes in the UK. Consider a range of theory and international experience in your answer - Essay Example The major economic downfall of 2007 to 2009 led to scarcity of jobs for new people in the labor market. Ten years before the major economic crisis, that is, early 2000s many developed countries had steady achievement in terms of economic growth including large growth in job opportunities, but due to the economic crisis all these achievements have stalled. Millions of people have no place to work in the current tough economy. The crises have severely affected the public financial gains. The financial crisis has created many challenges to the European countries in the labor market and especially the issue of unemployment. Another challenge brought by the economic crisis include attempts to meet the European Union targets of economic growth, which may require the countries to retrench people to cope with the economic recession (Pattison, 2012, p. 466). The discussion paper involves the use of existing academic materials to determine the effects of the 2007/2009 financial crisis. It explains the actions that the governments in some countries such as USA, Australia and the UK have taken to reduce the effects of the financial crisis on the labor market. The strategies adopted and their rationales to assist the unemployed population are also discussed in the paper. Performance based contracting, which is a method same as payment by results, was used in the United States. The strategy led to development of new policies that decentralized funding and purchasing power to network of private companies. The policies emphasized on performance outcomes through financial incentives that motivated the staff of the agencies. The Department of Labor set the performance targets to achieve annually and the outcomes determined the funds saved from the investment. The outcomes also included delivery of employment services with contract periods of more than six months. It also emphasized on training the employees on work skills, which helped

The Metamorphosis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Metamorphosis Paper - Essay Example Right at the beginning of the story, prior to his physical metamorphosis, Gregor already appears to be alienated in some way. This initial suggestion of alienation surrounds his external environment; his work, social life and to some extent, his family. He reflects over the monotony of his life in terms of his job, a monotony he endures due to the pressure of having to support his family financially. He appears to have no friends or social life to speak of, and his family seem to take his support for granted. Even the duty of caring for his family seems to be something strange to him, as he hardly realizes it when he loses this duty by the end. After establishing Gregors alienation from his societal environment and duties, we begin to see the process of deeper alienation from his family, his immediate environment, his emotions and his body. When he wakes to find his body changed, he is so disconnected from it he hides away from those closest to him. As his family become aware of the situation, they cease speaking to him altogether, eventually determining that the animal they see before them is not Gregor, â€Å"You must just try to get rid of the idea that this is Gregor. The fact that we’ve believed it for so long is the root of all our trouble†, (Kafka part 3). After the metamorphosis Gregor undergoes total alienation from his house and environment. Symbolic of this, Gregor cannot even view his street through the window and hence he slowly becomes a foreigner in his own family and home, without a productive role to play, as his family treat him with neglect and revulsion, as suggested by Kafka (1). The metamorphosis Gregor undergoes, changes him from an active social being to a useless and non active person within his family and society. More importantly, it represents a physical manifestation of the alienation process he has

System Analysis and Design of an Equipment Tracking Database Essay Example for Free

System Analysis and Design of an Equipment Tracking Database Essay BG Group has been active in the energy sector in Trinidad Tobago since 1989 and established an office in the country in 1994. Currently the company’s office is located at 5 St. Clair Avenue, St. Clair, Port-of-Spain. Today, BG Trinidad and Tobago (BG TT) is one of the Group’s core operational areas and is virtually unique among the multinationals based here, in operating onshore and offshore assets in all key areas of the country. The UK-based BG Group is a global leader in the exploration, production, distribution and supply of natural gas to industrial markets. The Group has operations in over 25 countries, including the UK, Egypt, Kazakhstan and India. The Group’s key business is the connecting of high value markets to competitively priced gas, to which it deploys expertise at all stages of the gas chain. BG TT has upstream operations in three main areas – the offshore East Coast Marine Area (ECMA) and North Coast Marine Area (NCMA), as well as the onshore Central Block located in the Moruga forest. The BG Group-operated ECMA or Dolphin gas field, located 83 km off the east coast of Trinidad, commenced production in March 1996. The Dolphin field is contracted to supply gas to NGC under a 20 year supply contract. The ECMA also supplies Atlantic Train 3 and Atlantic Train 4. NCMA comprises three producing fields, Hibiscus, Chaconia and Ixora, which supply natural gas for Atlantic LNG Trains 2, 3 and 4. A 107 km, 24-inch pipeline from the NCMA development to Point Fortin is the longest pipeline in Trinidad Tobago. A fourth producing field, Poinsettia, is scheduled for development in 2008. BG TT acquired Aventura’s 65% interest in, and operatorship of, the onshore Central Block in 2004. Central Block is conveniently located near the Cross Island Pipeline in Moruga, which makes it an attractive proposition for the supply of natural gas to Atlantic LNG. On acquiring the Block, they also took on an existing domestic gas supply agreement with the Petroleum Company of Trinidad Tobago Limited (Petrotrin). The transportation of this natural gas to the NGC network constitutes BG TT’s first sales of liquids in the country. 1. Problem Description: This project will provide guidelines for implementing an asset tracking solution at BG TT’s IM (Information Management) department. The system is needed to assist the Helpdesk Administrator to keep track of a large variety of physical computer equipment as they are bought, stored and assigned to the company’s employees. Currently there is a manual system that entails the use of a notebook to record and track the assignment of computer and computer related equipment. Inventory levels are checked periodically and recorded using the manual paper system. The most common method for tracking assets is to record transactions as they happen. As a result inventories are time consuming and almost impossible to maintain accuracy since assets move around on a daily basis. Also the data collected during any inventory is outdated before the finished reports are published. An asset tracking system needs to be able to produce reports that will help the organization make intelligent business decisions. The department wanted to streamline its equipment checkout process. The objective is to computerize the current manual process in order to make the equipment checkout processes fast and accurate. The computerization of this process will simplify paperwork and provide electronic storage of data. Because of the amount of equipment to be checked out every day and the number of members involved, the workload for staff members in the department increases every year. The operating cost includes the maintenance cost of the equipment and their inventory. Some of the problems faced by the staff members are listed below: †¢ Each piece of equipment is individually marked for identification purposes; however, there isn’t a method to allow a user to backtrack or check into certain equipment in terms of its usability and for maintenance purposes. This often leaves the user with an uncertainty on how good the equipment is in a given. Lack of information on the status and maintenance of equipment leads to bad quality of equipment because of unperformed maintenance. This, in turn, may cause customer dissatisfaction when poorly conditioned equipment is being given out. †¢ Manually completing forms creates another issue due to hand-writing. That is, more than one person will be handling the forms and each person has a different style of hand-writing. This leads to misunderstanding of the information on the forms, especially when maintenance requests are entered by one staff member and not understood properly by another staff member. †¢ Forms could be easily misplaced, thus resulting in missing documents. Human errors on checking forms for completeness could result in incomplete form. †¢ The equipment check-in and checkout processes are difficult and involves extensive labor to get the work done right. Currently, a staff member is required to manually check each equipment that is being checked out for the day and make sure things are getting checked in correctly. On top of that, the staff member is required to tally up all equipment before closing of the business on that day to make certain that all equipment are in place; otherwise, they may have equipment shortages and may have to reorder. 2. Proposed Solution: The aim of this project is to develop the inventory system that can be applied in the current IM Department. The objectives are: †¢ to identify the problems involved in the implementation of the current inventory system; †¢ to identify the needs of a systematic inventory system; †¢ To develop the prototype of the inventory system that can be implemented. The eventual inventory system will be a DBMS that will control the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database. The DBMS will accept requests for data from the application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data. When a DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily as the organizations information requirements change. New categories of data can be added to the database without disruption to the existing system. The proposed DMS will have the following basic features: †¢ Provides a way to structure data as records, tables, or objects †¢ Accepts data input from operators and stores that data for later retrieval †¢ Provides query languages for searching, sorting, reporting, and other decision support activities that help users correlate and make sense of collected data A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software system that enables users to define, create, and maintain the database and provide controlled access to this database. The DBMS is the software that interacts with the users’ application programs and the database. Typically, a DBMS provides the following facilities: †¢ It allows users to insert, update, delete and retrieve data from the database usually through a Data Manipulation Language (DML). Having a central repository for all data and descriptions allows the DML to provide general enquiry facility to this data, called a query language. The provision of a query language alleviates the problems with file-based systems where the user has to work with a fixed set of queries or there is a proliferation programs, giving major software management problems. †¢ It provides controlled access to the database. For example, it may provide: ? An integrity system, which maintains the consistency of stored data; ? A user-accessible catalog, which contains description of the data in the database. The proposed solution takes care of the CRUD features of the database software namely the following: a. Create the storage structures – It implies that the storage structures can be created and modified for the change in the database or the information system.

Alcohol Assignment 14 Essay Example for Free

Alcohol Assignment 14 Essay Alcohol as a drug is consumed in many societies across the globe by people of many ages. As such, it is important to cover this drug because it has a huge impact in the society. ALCOHOL 2 Alcohol abuse is very common especially among teenagers. It is sad that most people do not know the dangers that are associated with binge drinking. This paper aims to discuss different aspects of alcohol ranging from its classification, it side effects, and the psychological effects it has on the brain and the specific parts of the brain that it affects. Classification of Alcohol. Alcohol can be objectively classified into two classes. It can be classifies as a depressant as well as a stimulant. Alcohol classification as a depressant is related to the effect of its tendency to slow down some crucial functions of the human body such as speech resulting to slur of speech, slow response, and loss of stability. Alcohol is also classified as a stimulant because it does not always result to depression effects depending on the amount of it taken (Mongan, Reynolds , Fanagan and Long, 2007). When consumed in low quantities, it acts a stimulant the case being that of people who opt to take some small amounts of beer or wine so as to â€Å"cheer up’’. The point to stress at this point is that alcohol ceases to be a depressant if an individual consumes that amount which his/her body can easily handle. Psychological Effects of Alcohol on the Brain The consumption of alcohol is associated with various negative effects on the brain resulting to psychological problems. Suicide has been mentioned as the most common psychological effect of alcohol where it has been proven that majority of alcoholics commit suicide. Alcohol also has effects on the liver, which results to reduced capacity of the brain to function as a result of increased poison level on the blood that is supplied to the brain (Mongan, Raynolds, Fanagan Long, 2007). An alcohol abuser will experience a change in sleep patterns that may range from being sleepy or total lack of sleeps. Aspects of depression as well as high ALCOHOL 3 level of anxiety are bone out of the same. There is also the inability to remain attentive for a considerable span of time. It also causes unexpected change of moods, personality of the affected  individual, and hallucinations (Mongan et all, 2007) The Comon side Effects of Alcohol The various side effects of alcohol consumption are both long term and short term effects. The short term effects are the most common ones since they are easily observable. These effects cut through all the members of the societies from adolescents, men, women, and the elderly in the society. The most common effects of alcohol mostly manifested in adolescents are behaviors that are anti-social in nature such that can range from stealing and use of abusive language (Spear, 2002). The adolescents will also tent to be very violent (Korhonen, 2004). This violence does not only apply to adolescents alone. Other effects that are in a majority of alcohol takers are accidents associated with fires, car crashing, and collisions and generally accidental falls in places such as bath rooms. This is especially the case among the elderly persons whose ability to handle alcohol is very minimal. Irresponsible sexually behavior among the adolescents and women is another common effect of alcoholism the result of which is increased exposure to unwanted pregnancies as well as exposure to sexually transmitted diseases. Other effects are inability to maintain good relationships with other members of the society. As mentioned before, alcohol also results to depressed speech, loss of stability and some mental problems resulting to increased stress levels (Mongan et all, 2007) Brain Target and Alcohol Effect on Neurotransmitter Glycine receptors of the brain are the common target of the brain. This is supported by the evidence that alcohol has much profound effects on the thinking capacity of an individual, ALCOHOL 4 moods, and generally his/her behavior. These functions are only achieved when there is a proper balance between of chemical types that are identifies as neurotransmitters (Berman, Marinkovic, 2003). Whenever there is an imbalance in this chemical as a result of high toxic level of the blood supplied to the brain the ability to think is affected as well as a shift in moods and the individual behavior. Alcohol is both an antagonist and agonist. As an antagonist alcohol reduces some effects of the neurotransmitters while as an agonist it increases the effect of some neurotransmitters (Berman, Marinkovic, 2003). As an antagonist alcohol reduces the effects of glutamate which results to effects such as slur in speech, loss of memory and slackness in walking. Agonist effects are seen in instances where alcohol acts as painkillers, increased feeling of relaxation and generally feeling drowsy. Conclusion It is evident from the discussion that alcohol is a depressant and stimulant drug depending on the amount consumed on desired aspect on an individual. Alcohol affects different people in the society from young people to the adults. Furthermore, it has been established that alcohol has both psychological and physical effects, the physical effects mostly easily identified. Alcohol affects the functioning of the liver and as such the effect is transmitted to the brain and mostly affects the glycine receptors of the brain. This results to the imbalance in the neurotransmitter chemicals. The effects of the imbalance are increase or decrease in some activities of the neurotransmitters and as such alcohol functions as agonist and antagonist. ALCOHOL 5 References Berman, M. O. , Marinkovic, K. (2003). Alcoholism and the Brain: An Overview. Alcohol Research Health. Retrieved http://www. google. com/url? sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0CB0QFjAAurl= ALCOHOL 6 http%3A%2F%2Fpubs. niaaa. nih. gov%2Fpublications%2Farh27-2%2F125- 133. pdfei=rFbXVJWjA6ngywO_tYC4DAusg=AFQjCNFlNFUfhR8vWsTJZUZ1iKg AbNmXvQsig2=mKMv-_x18PNx-8ffk5kUZQbvm=bv. 85464276,d. bGQ Korhonen, M. (2004). Alcohol problems and approaches: Theories, Evidence and Northern Practices, NAHO, Ontario retrieved from http://www. naho. ca/documents/naho/english/pdf/alcohol_problems_approaches. pdf. Mongan D, Reynolds S, Fanagan S and Long J (2007) Health-related consequences of problem alcohol use. Overview 6. Dublin: Health Research Board retrieved from http://www. google. com/url? sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1ved=0CB8QFjAAurl=http%3A%2F %2Fwww. hrb. ie%2Fuploads%2Ftx_hrbpublications %2FOverview6. pdfei=M0vXVL2FIeXD7gajoIEwusg=AFQjCNFi-kSYd63zLNuqIu- ppTWVvT9O3wsig2=wdKRzW_-rDin4vwkuf8wTwbvm=bv. 85464276,d. ZGU Spear , P. (2002). Alcohol Effects on Adolescents. Retrieved from http://citeseerx. ist. psu. edu/viewdoc/download? doi=10. 1. 1. 129. 8819rep=rep1type=pdf.

HRM Department of British Airways (BA)

HRM Department of British Airways (BA) The following paper seeks to identify the human resource management department of the British Air ways. It shows the key HR activities of the British airways with reference to the two models of human resource. Moreover, it also evaluates and analyses the various HR planning and development programs implemented by the British airways. Finally the paper concludes by highlighting how the human resource is indicated and monitored. The report based on a case study and the majority of the information is taken from the case study. SUMMARY In 19th century British Airways is the worlds largest international airline and one of the most successful organizations in the airline business. British Airways (BA) was created by the merger between BOAC and BEA in 1974. BA was not always been quite much successful. The company was going in loss and BA had serious difficulties retaining customers in a competitive international airline industry. In 1980 BA recorded significant losses and there was not much profit to meet the running expenses of the organization. As a matter of fact British Airways delayered their bureaucratic management staffs that were mostly Air force retired officers and replaced them by managers having experience in the service industry. For the achievement of success BA launched many programmes to come out of the organisations loss which changes the culture and environment of the company. These programmes were successful and many customers were attracted towards the airline, which resulted British Airways one o f the worlds leading airline. HRM ACTIVITIES Although the British airways are seen to have implemented numerous strategies to allow human resource development the following are the three key areas where development is most significantly seen. Training and development Reward management Performance appraisal TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT British Airways has decided a significant investment in training and development that would improve the organization image of Helpfulness. On the basis of research BA found out that customer are satisfied and dissatisfied with friendly and unfriendly, caring and uncaring behavior of staff. As a result of these research findings, BA faced the task of designing and facilitating a training programme that would enable a total change in values and attitudes across the organization, particularly for staff that were exposed to customer contact. BA arranges several training and development programme for both new and old staff. These programme made much change in the behavior of the staff and due to which many customers were attracted towards this airline. British Airline recruited more staff, provide training to the new and developed the old staff for their excellent customer service. it can be clearly identifies that implementing these training programs prove to be highly essential for the organization to attain this objective of increasing the goodwill that the British airways had from the side of the customers. These programs also prove important to improve the revenue and sought to reduce the overall cost that the organization had. (Dessler, 2008) However, at the same time it is also important to note the fact that the success that British airline was not only and solely due to an increasing employee training but there were several other factors which were also important and contributed to the increasing revenue levels. One of the factors included improved legal and government conditions along with technological changes.BA has encouraged individual learning by providing wide employee access to two major learning programs. The first program is based upon principles of open learning; it can finally lead to an MBA and provides a number of progressive stages and qualifications. The completion of each stage gives access to the next qualification. The MBA awarded by the University of Bath. The second program Top Flight provides a series of Academies which are a number of development steps, designed to allow an individual to progress to an executive position. REWARD MANAGEMENT British Airline was motivating people with good remuneration package and rewards. They moving towards individually determined remuneration as well as both intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. They were giving standardized pay and also individual performance pay. The main proportion of salaried staff earnings is based upon pay rates which are governed by a job evaluation grading system. There is also a company -wide performance related bonus scheme paid to all employees and there have been offers of free and discounted shares. BA has also introduced an opportunity for all employees to purchase tax free shares through a trust using their company performance bonus. BA pays standardized salary as well as individual performance pay. They know that if employees are satisfied they will give the best effort for the company success; employees are start thinking that they are the part of company. So, it is clear that through the training Development programme and good remuneration packages staffs provide the high quality customer services and would be more committed to the company. Employees are more committed toward company for their remuneration package and rewards. And they go ahead to achieve the organization goal. PERFORMANCE APPARASIAL Performance appraisal measures the qualitative and quantitative aspects of job performance. An appraisal evaluates not only the employees performance but also his potential for development. The primary objectives of an appraisal are to assess past performance, to identify training needs, to set and agree on future objectives and standards, and to facilitate the achievement of these goals. Individual employee development is a part of a broader concern that BA has developed for the individual employee .As a part of the overall concern with organization culture, BAs philosophy has focused much more attention upon individual performance and this has led to the induction of a companywide -appraisal scheme. The main purpose of this scheme was to improve the relationship between reward and performance and this has reflected in a linked element of performance related pay. British airway has introduced performance related payments. Thus the more efficiently each of the employees works, the more likely it is for the organization to pay the individual worker a certain amount of payments. Moreover, there have been numerous and increasing companywide appraisal schemes introduced by the organization. Thus the harder and more the employee works, the more likely is it for the employee to earn a greater reward in the organization. Moreover, the amount of employees receiving remunerations on an individual basis is increasing at a radical rate at the organization. For instance the administrative staff at the British airways has also started being paid on the basis of their performance. (Armstrong, 2007) HRM MODELS MACTHING MODEL HARVARD MODEL MATCHING MODEL This model states that the HR systems and the organisation structure should be managed in such a way that is similar with the organisational strategy. This is the hard HRM which is interested only in making money or profit. It focussed on individual and organisational performance and concentrates on managing human assets to achieve strategic goals. It explained that there is human resource cycle that consists of generic processes like organisational structure, mission and strategy, human resource management, selection, performance, appraisal, rewards and development. It is based upon strategic control, organisational structure systems for managing people. It requires that human resource strategies have a tight fit to overall of the business. Mission and strategy Economic forces Cultural forces Organizational structure Human resource management MISSION AND STRATEGY: Mission means the specific target that the company wants to reach and strategy is the way through the company can reach their target. The mission of British Airways is to be the best and most successful airline in the world and the strategy is by providing high quality of customer service through resource planning which could not be easily duplicated. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE: This means all the required things that needed to achieve the target. BA launched some programmes for their staff like putting people first, customer first campaign, managing people first, etc. They gave more powers to the line managers to take quick decisions and also break down bureaucracy. They also provide some learning programmes like MBA and series of academies for their staff. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: This is related to the recruitment of new staff. BA replaced some managers which were Air Force retired persons with the staff with analytical skills or the intellectual capacity rather than management experience in the service industries. HARVARD MODEL This model was developed by Beer et al in 1984. This is the soft model which aims at enhancing the commitment, quality and flexibility of employees. Soft model is also known as high commitment management. Here more responsibilities are given to the line managers for ensuring the alignment of competitive strategy and HR policies. This model is based upon individual influence, work systems, rewards and human resource flow; and concentrate upon outcomes for people. Its main components are work system, human resources flow, rewards, stakeholder interests, situational factors, HRM policies choices, HR outcomes, long term consequences. Stakeholder interests Shareholders Management Employee groups Government community unions HRM policy choices Employee influence Human resource flow Reward system Work system HR outcomes Commitment Competence cost-effectiveness Long-term consequences Individual well-being Organizational effectiveness Societal well-being Situational factors Workforce characteristics Business strategy and conditions Management philosophy Labor market Unions Task technology laws and societal values In Harvard model, extra powers and authorities are given to the line managers to fulfill organisations objective. This incorporate recruitment, selection, development and redundancy for the people in the organisation. Managers have to ensure putting right employee at right place and in right time. To motivate productivity, Harvard Model suggested some rewards system to the employees, which include pay, bonus, free and discounted share, holidays, health insurance, empowerment, etc. This model includes long term consequences which refer to individual well beings. These incorporate individual interest, organisational competencies, and the need of the society and community as a whole. In this model, stakeholders are those persons who have interest or shares in the organisation. Situational factor includes workforce, labour markets, union representation, laws, business environment, technology and work system; these issues lead to the HRM policy choices of employee influence. Work system r efers to the efficiency and productivity of work force to meet the organisational goal. For work to be done effectively, efficient communication channels and correct technology are needed. For this purpose, British Airways gave more powers and authorities to the line managers, so that there should not be any kind of delay and they can take quick decisions. HR Planning and Development Methods Firstly British Airline tends to recruit on the basis of analytical skill and intellectual capacity rather than management experience in a service industry. They are always tried to ensure that staff would provide a consistent high quality service to customers an achieving efficient flight operations. Many managers had also joined the company from Royal Air Force. They recruit the perfect person and place them on exact position. Secondly, British Airline setup several training programs for both new and old staff. Such as Customer First Campaign to meet the customer needs. Putting People First which was two day programme aimed at almost 20000 staff that had significant customer contact. This program was designed to persuade participants to examine their own existing values towards their passengers and where necessary to replace them with more helpful and supportive ones. Managing People first a one week residential training course. The programme was specifically designed to breakdown the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy had developed underlying values of order, rationality, dependability and system control. Finally British Airline pays good remuneration to employees and also gives both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. They plan to motivate people as well as make their assets. BA offers free and discounted shares. BA has also introduced a novel scheme which gives an opportunity for all employees to purchase tax-free shares through a trust using their company performance bonus. BA has encouraged individual learning by providing wide employee access to two major learning programs. The first program is based upon principles of open learning; it can finally lead to an MBA and provides a number of progressive stages and qualifications. The completion of each stage gives access to the next qualification. The MBA awarded by the University of Bath. The second program Top Flight provides a series of Academies which are a number of development steps, designed to allow an individual to progress to an executive position. Evaluation: British Airlines corporative objective is To be the best and most successful airline in the world. So to achieve this objective it makes huge investment on human resources. It recruits highly skill and intellectual people. BA replaces them with more helpful and supportive ones. It provides training on the basis of different skills. It developed employees as more customer friendly, knowledgeable and efficient. They form trade union for welfare or participation of line staff on strategic plan of the company. BA pays standardized salary as well as individual performance pay. They know that if employees are satisfied they will give the best effort for the company success; employees are start thinking that they are the part of company. So, it is clear that through the training Development programme and good remuneration packages staffs provide the high quality customer services and would be more committed to the company. And they go ahead to achieve the organization goal. HR Performances of British Airways In seventies BA performances were disappointing, When BA had serious difficulties retaining customer in competitive international airline industry. In 1980 BA recorded significant losses. Before 1990 BA found negative attitude from passengers in a research. Customers were dissatisfied with customer BAs customer services. For this reason BA redesign and restructure its Human Resources. BA makes huge investment on HR planning and HR performances. It setup many training and development program for line staffs and managers. It is hard to say how much impact the programme has had; it is commonly understood in training circles it is difficult to measure the value of training. However, British Airline believes that this programme has been successful, that a significant cultural change has been achieved at all levels of the organization, and that this cultural change has made a significant contribution to the steady improvement in the business performance. An extensive market research shown that customer have developed more positive attitudes towards service that they now receive as compared with the predominance of negative attitudes that were recorded in similar surveys conducted earlier in the 1990s. These satisfied customers must have an important factor in supporting BAs performance improve improvement. So its easily identified that with this HR planning and development, BA increases their HR performance that lead to the improvement of the organizations performance. On the other hand BA employees now more happy with remuneration and rewards. They are getting opportunities to learn through different training and qualification of MBA degree awarded by the University of Bath after competition of management training. They are getting basic pay as well as individual performance pay and scheme that benefited them more than the before. Through the trade union employees can participate on organization strategic decision. They can raise their voice against any critical issue of the company. That makes the employees happier. Employee turnover are less now than before .Employees are satisfied with their job description, responsibilities and working environment. Employees absenteeism is reduced significantly. They are now highly committed to the company success. Ways to improve HR performances It is very difficult to suggest BA. Because they are the worlds largest passenger airlines company in the world and they have many intellectual people for hunting innovation idea and planning every moment. In spite of this practical situation some ways of improvement are described below: British airlines significant development is that they made a small HR strategy and planning department with some specialist people in the UK. It can be suggesting that if they integrated more people with this department and also spread not only in Europe, but also other continents where they are earning more. As a result same cultural people will provide customer service to their own customers. They can easily share their feeling and fulfill the needs of customer. Employee would be happy to serve same people as like they are. British airline can run different talent hunt programme for recruit their best fitted people. They can go to the college and university and pick up the best student; those are very keen to learn and have creative ideas for the future excellent service both customer service and flight operation. BA can launch more training and development programme after certain time to compete with the competitors and updated technological knowledge. They have to push their employee towards extrinsic rewards to see happier. CONCLUSION Thus as highlighted by this paper, the British airways successfully manages the human resources department by an increasing amount of planning and organization. They also launched some learning programmes for the employees to do MBA and to reach at executive position. They mainly concentrated upon the improvement of delivering good customer service so that they can attract more customers and gain more profit; with this they want to become the worlds most successful airline. At the end, I can say that it is crucial to use both soft and hard HRM in order to meet the organisational business requirement and to remain worlds most successful airline.

Virgil and Dante Essay example -- Virgil Dante Inferno Essays

Virgil and Dante In the note to Canto V regarding Francesca and Paulo, the Hollanders exclaim that â€Å"Sympathy for the damned, in the Inferno, is nearly always and nearly certainly the sign of a wavering moral disposition† (112). Indeed, many of the touching, emotional, or indignation rousing tales told by the souls in Hell can evoke pity, but in the telling of the tales, it is always possible to derive the reasons for the damned souls’ placement in Hell. However, there is a knee-jerk reaction to separate Virgil and, arguably, some of the other souls in limbo from this group of the damned, though, with careful perusal of the text, the thoughtful reader can discern the machinations behind their damnation. Although the dynamic between Virgil and Dante shifts dramatically through Purgatorio, throughout the Inferno, Virgil is the teacher and Dante the pupil, often bordering on an almost father-son relationship. It is the Roman, in Canto V, who asks the famous guiding question, â€Å"What are your thoughts?† (V.111), forcing the Florentine to pause and reason through what he is learning. Again, in Canto XXIV when Dante begins to weary, which is of little wonder: the poem begins at dawn with Dante lost from already being â€Å"so full of sleep† (I.11), Virgil manages to revitalize Dante’s spirits, calling for him to â€Å"Cast off sloth† (XXIV.46) and â€Å"Get to your feet† (XXIV.52), while reminding him of the â€Å"longer stair that must be climbed† (XXIV.55), Purgatory, which lies only a mere ten cantos ahead. Unarguably, this close relationship which forms between the two poets makes the reader’s heart pity Virgil’s damnation. This pity is doubled when one considers Virgil’s special situation: he is in Limbo, the circle of the virtuous pagans, thos... ...le to consider that Dante has erred in his placement of Virgil, noting how successfully that works with the rest of the allegorical levels. Perhaps then the answer and the problem which demands this answer, lies not with Dante or the poem, but within the reader. It is easy to identify with Dante, a man riddled with flaws; Virgil then becomes closer as a father figure. Thus, all the complex emotions wrapped in the bizarre web of paternity are translated onto Virgil. When one sees Virgil, one sees oneself; one sees one’s father. The damnation of the Roman I puzzling, paradoxical, and confusing, but not unjustified: many other souls in Hell fall under the same category. That to pity Virgil is to pity the part of ourselves which fears damnation and to pity our family before considering justice, is a lesson which can only be learned in the fire and ice of Hell. Virgil and Dante Essay example -- Virgil Dante Inferno Essays Virgil and Dante In the note to Canto V regarding Francesca and Paulo, the Hollanders exclaim that â€Å"Sympathy for the damned, in the Inferno, is nearly always and nearly certainly the sign of a wavering moral disposition† (112). Indeed, many of the touching, emotional, or indignation rousing tales told by the souls in Hell can evoke pity, but in the telling of the tales, it is always possible to derive the reasons for the damned souls’ placement in Hell. However, there is a knee-jerk reaction to separate Virgil and, arguably, some of the other souls in limbo from this group of the damned, though, with careful perusal of the text, the thoughtful reader can discern the machinations behind their damnation. Although the dynamic between Virgil and Dante shifts dramatically through Purgatorio, throughout the Inferno, Virgil is the teacher and Dante the pupil, often bordering on an almost father-son relationship. It is the Roman, in Canto V, who asks the famous guiding question, â€Å"What are your thoughts?† (V.111), forcing the Florentine to pause and reason through what he is learning. Again, in Canto XXIV when Dante begins to weary, which is of little wonder: the poem begins at dawn with Dante lost from already being â€Å"so full of sleep† (I.11), Virgil manages to revitalize Dante’s spirits, calling for him to â€Å"Cast off sloth† (XXIV.46) and â€Å"Get to your feet† (XXIV.52), while reminding him of the â€Å"longer stair that must be climbed† (XXIV.55), Purgatory, which lies only a mere ten cantos ahead. Unarguably, this close relationship which forms between the two poets makes the reader’s heart pity Virgil’s damnation. This pity is doubled when one considers Virgil’s special situation: he is in Limbo, the circle of the virtuous pagans, thos... ...le to consider that Dante has erred in his placement of Virgil, noting how successfully that works with the rest of the allegorical levels. Perhaps then the answer and the problem which demands this answer, lies not with Dante or the poem, but within the reader. It is easy to identify with Dante, a man riddled with flaws; Virgil then becomes closer as a father figure. Thus, all the complex emotions wrapped in the bizarre web of paternity are translated onto Virgil. When one sees Virgil, one sees oneself; one sees one’s father. The damnation of the Roman I puzzling, paradoxical, and confusing, but not unjustified: many other souls in Hell fall under the same category. That to pity Virgil is to pity the part of ourselves which fears damnation and to pity our family before considering justice, is a lesson which can only be learned in the fire and ice of Hell.

Hypoxia-mediated Selection of Cells with Diminished Apoptotic Potential

Cancer: Necrosis vs. Apoptosis Cancer is the second leading cause of death in humans. A cancer cell is a cell that has mutated from its original form and will often grow at a more rapid rate than normal. The body has built certain mechanisms to protect itself from these types of cells. One of the physiological processes the body uses to kill off these cells is apoptosis. Apoptosis is sometimes called "cell suicide". When the body detects that a cell's DNA has mutated and cannot be repaired, the cell will somehow trigger itself to self destruct. Up until 1972, scientists hadn't really looked carefully at how cells die. Once they did, it was apparent that two things could happen: necrosis or apoptosis. Necrosis was the term used to describe all cells that had died. However scientists have found that necrosis and apoptosis are two different processes. Necrosis is a result of outside forces acting upon a cell, causing it's destruction. Upon destruction of the cell in this manner, the internal contents of the cell are leaked into the local environment, which can be extremely harmful. In contrast, a cell dying by apoptosis does not release it's contents and potentially harm neighboring cells. Apoptosis is actually an active process within the cell. A process triggers some other process (which is not quite clear) inside the cell and tells the cell to start disassembling itself. When this happens, instead of releasing harmful chemicals into its environment, the cell is thought to send parts of itself to other surrounding cells to digest it. Roles of p53 and bcl-2 in Apoptosis The authors above and other scientists believe that the expression of the p53 gene is required for apoptosis. The p53 gene has been labeled as the tumour su... ... increases as oxygen is reduced, those cells with mutated p53 have a slower increase in death rate in hypoxic regions, compared to those cells that have normal p53 expression. This seems to point to the fact that the hypoxic regions are actually setting up a natural selection for the p53 deficient cells, and possibly other mutations resistant to death. Treatment Problems This can cause a problem when treating these cells with radiation and chemotherapy. These treatments attack the cells and attempt to destroy the DNA within the cell. This will usually cause an increase in the rate of apoptosis within the area treated. However if the cells in the area have built up a resistance to apoptosis they have built up an effective resistance to the chemotherapy and radiation. These facts could explain why the p53 gene is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer.

Anorexia Nervosa: Pharmacologic Treatments :: Medican Medicine Health Essays

Anorexia Nervosa: Pharmacologic Treatments Medical Treatments: The Basics Anorexia nervosa has been recognized by physicians for more than a century, but there is still no generally accepted pharmacologic treatment. Anorexia Nervosa can lead to significantly impaired functioning in its victims along with a considerable morbidity. The pursuit of thinness is the central feature of AN, and the patients usually have a variety of other psychological disorders which makes treatment very challenging and difficult. No medication has proven to be generally useful in promoting or maintaining weight gain, thus cognitive-behavioral therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. (Hoffman et al) According to Dr. Philip W. Long, "A therapist must win the cooperation of the patient by emphasizing that treatment can free the patient from the obsessive thoughts about food and body weight that have become the sole focus of the patient's life." In addition, depression, physical well-being, and social relationships can be improved through various treatments. (http://www. mentalhealth.com/rx/p23-et01.html#Head_1c) Pharmacology in the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Many medications have been used in the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa. Of these different pharmacological treatments, there have been very few large scale, controlled studies demonstrating their effectiveness. Several of these medications, however, have proved useful in facilitating weight gain during the nutritional rehabilitation phase of treatment. This website discusses these different treatments, explains why they were used and their possible side effects, and the overall validity of their effectiveness as a treatment. Antipsychotic Drugs The most common form of this drug which is administered to AN patients is chlorpromazine. If prescribed, it is usually given to severely obsessive-compulsive, anxious, and agitated AN patients. This drug is a neuroleptic or dopamine antagonist in the brain, and the theory which serves as the basis of this treatment revolves around the idea that certain characteristics of anorexia nervosa might reflect central nervous system dopaminergic activity. Some scientists theorize that these dopaminergic activities cause this eating disorder among other things. In certain clinical experiences, chlorpromazine has been shown to be somewhat effective in inducing hunger and weight gain, but others have shown no such effects along with some serious side effects. These include grand mal seizures and in increase in the development of bulimia. In summary, there is an absence of clear evidence as to the effectiveness of this drug as a treatment and with its potential for unwanted side effects, it is rarely used. (Walsh and Devlin)

Possible that one can fulfill the responsibilities of a professional role while lacking personal integrity

Turn on hit highlighting for speaking browsers by selecting the Enter button Show highlighting Abstract (summary) Transcendentalist One of the basic tenets of the CPA profession is to serve the public interest. Working with the Winchester County Association and the Business Council of Winchester, it took weeks for the task force of about 20 Caps to attend budget hearings and various meetings, well as to pore over the proposed budget. Caps have much to offer working n concert with local governments.Fiscal responsibility is a shared responsibility among all Interested parties the public, the business community, the private sector, and the government. The difference between a tenuous budget situation and a more stable financial environment could very well be the participation of Caps. As a member of the public, and even more so as a CPA, it is his obligation to get involved. Full text Translated text Turn on search term navigation One of the basic tenets of the CPA profession Is to serv e the public Interest.So as New York State struggles with its fiscal woes – along with at least 35 other states that needed to close budget shortfalls as of press time – who better than Caps to try to help at the local level to reduce the budgetary burden on the taxpayer? This is exactly what happened in Westchester County. Members of the Naysayer's Westchester Chapter volunteered to review Westchester County $1. 8 billion budget and offer insight on how the county could reduce a proposed 4. 9% Increase In taxes.Working with the Westchester County Association and the Business Council of Westchester, It kook weeks for thetas force of about 20 Caps to attend budget hearings and various meetings, as well as to pore over the proposed budget. The project was done pro bono, with each of the volunteers dedicating between five and 10 hours to producing an analysis of the budget. The upshot? The county government formally adopted the $1. 8 billion budget, but county taxes Incre ased by 2. 9% Instead of 4. 9%. Did Caps' Involvement In the dialogue have an Impact? I'd Like to think so.This particular case wasn't about setting policy; it was about setting precedent. As the New York Times noted (Jennifer Stealthier, â€Å"New Year but No Relief for Strapped States,† January 5, 2010), state budgets all across discounter are being prepared with the knowledge that the federal stimulus money that was available last year – and kept many states' proverbial heads above water – is now gone. The tide is rising again. Caps as Part of the Process responsibility is a shared responsibility among all interested parties – the public, the business community, the private sector, and the government.Difference between a tenuous budget situation and a more table financial environment could very well be depreciations of Caps. The reality L's that even Caps can't fix a local government's fiscal woes in one budget year. But you can start now. Become a fam iliar face. Introduce yourself to your local elected and government officials. As a member of the public, and even more so, as a CPA, it is your obligation to get involved. Every government needs a watchdog, including local governments. Watchdogs are not adversarial bulldogs, but they're not passive lapdogs, either.With newspapers laying off Journalists by the thousands, taxpayers are in dire need of financial watchdogs who can help them make sense of the government's numbers. This isn't an indictment of the budgeting process performed by our local governments. This is about governments and Caps working together. Caps are the trusted advisors to businesses that range from the comer newsstand to global corporations. And while businesses are a different animal from governments, there are certainly some similarities, which means that Caps can lend their expertise in an advisory capacity.The federal government, and most states, are in a budgetary crisis. Elected and governmental officia ls are being forced to choose between raising taxes and cutting services. They should have more options. And perhaps they would have those options if more citizens were involved in the budgetary process – especially Caps. Sidebar Who better than CRASS to try to help at the local level to reduce the budgetary burden on the taxpayer?

Eudora Welty Essay

The explicate determination is defined as, the act of approach course of instruction to a decision or of touch on or settling a purpose. W unhinged-power is, the intensity or allow to carry pop ones decisions, wishes, or plans. In the smallly allegory A drawn drive demeanor by Eudora Welty, the important office reference phoenix carried out the meaning of these two words throughout the whole story. She had experienced some road blocks during her go, but she did not let them stop her from reaching the final stage she had at the time.In the story, capital of Arizona is a actually archaic adult female who inevitable to go to town to take a shit medication for her unquiet grandson. She overcame obstacles that were both physical and amiable throughout the course of the story. Her courage and subjection to her grandson showed that she was willing to go the extra myocardial infarct to shamble sure that her grandson was okay. This was not save beca hire she c bed for him, but because she loved him. phoenix encountered more obstacles during her journey to town and one of them was getting through the thorn bush. As she was move down the direction her dress had got caught.A gaunt path literary abstractLiterary psychoanalysis Arising out of the ashes the phoenix came back to life again. In Hellenic mythology the phoenix is the symbol for idealism and hope. It waterfall only to arise and live again. The main character of Eudora Weltys short story, A bony thoroughfare, is much the likes of this phoenix. She must overc amplitude 508 delivery 3 Pages neer fall through up a character analysis of phoenix from weltys a indistinct path Never Give Up A theatrical role epitome of genus Phoenix from Weltys A listless runway By school-age child NAME Professor NAME correct NAME DATE Outline thesis statement In A dim path by Eudora Welty, Phoenix capital of Mississippi displays extraordinary perseverance in the strikingness of d ifficulty, which ultimatel premium 971 oral communication 4 Pages digest of a short story a worn path by eudora weltyAnalysis of a short story A timid alley by Eudora Welty. Lit.1 quotations Phoenix capital of Mississippi Is the protagonist of the story. She is described in vivid colors, suggesting her lively nature she wears a red rag in her whisker and her skin is described as yellow, well-fixed exchange premium 1151 Words 5 PagesCharacter analysis-a worn pathA charr of Amazing Character Will-power and determination plays a major role when it comes to pot accomplishing goals and execute the tasks they are given. When a person possesses these two qualities they are motivated, focused, will not give up easily, determined along with many other thi aid 907 Words 4 PagesLiterary analysis on a worn pathLiterary Analysis on A Worn Path In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty, the protagonist Phoenix capital of Mississippi helps portray the theme that people will do anything for whom t hey love. Everyday people are going out of their way to make either a theoretical or literal journey to help soul they love. In the Premium 407 Words 2 PagesThe Worn Path analysisIn the story A Worn Path, there is a repetitive analogy between the main character and a mythological creature. The source Eudora Welty chooses Phoenix capital of Mississippi to symbolize through color, her appearance, behavior and boilers suit journey a Phoenix bird. The author gives description to Premium 387 Words 2 PagesLiterary Analysis of The Worn PathIn the Worn Path, by Eudora Welty, the localisation consorts with the time to create an environment which hinders Phoenixs progress but reinstates trueness and persistence into her journey. During the establishment of the setting, the first description is, It was Decembera bright Premium 294 Words 2 PagesWorn pathWORN PATH Eudora Welty brings the story, A Worn Path, to life through the use of the character Phoenix Jackson and symbols. This story d etails an antique total darkness charrs journey to town, on a foreign mission of love. Phoenix Jackson, an elderly Negro women is frail, senescent, and Premium 914 Words 4 PagesA worn path screen 6A Worn Path Detail of an elderly Negro chars journey from deep in the country to town, the while on mission of love. Phoenix Jackson, an elderly Negro women who is frail, old and has many handicaps, she lived during trying times and because of her race, approach many challenges while growing up Premium 862 Words 4 PagesA worn path racial parti pris is rampant and out of control In the story A Worn Path, Eudora Welty shows an old woman living in a time period where racial impairment is rampant and out of control. Phoenix Jackson is a grandmother whose only motivating for living is to nurture her grandson back to health. The saturation of love may make people do or say unusua Premium 997 Words 4 PagesA worn pathEudora Weltys A Worn Path is a story that emphasizes the inseparabl e symbolism of the surroundings. The main character in the story, Phoenix Jackson, is an old dusky woman who seeks out to find medicine for her sick nephew. This story contains a motif, which is the continuous go Premium 1208 Words 5 PagesA worn path the modern short storyIn the modern short story, Eudora Welty clearly develops Phoenix Jackson as a main character who indirectly manipulates other people. Phoenix, as the speaker in A Worn Path holds the emplacement of an old Negro woman who continues the terrene cycle of life. Although, in reality Phoenix is an average h Premium 665 Words 3 PagesA worn path by eudora weltyOrdeal of Devotion In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty an elderly African American woman named Phoenix Jackson picks a refrigerating December day to make in time another perilous journey to a near by city to get medicine for her ailing grandson. On the way this ninety-year-old woman faces many obstacles, both natu Premium 985 Words 4 PagesA worn path essay 5Eudora W eltys A Worn Path is a story that emphasizes the natural symbolism of the surroundings. As the story begins, we are introduced to our main character, Phoenix Jackson she is described as a small, old Negro woman. I bank that the name Eudora Welty gives our main character is very symbo Premium 1346 Words 6 PagesA worn path a broken-down trailA Tattered mark A Worn Path by Eudora Welty, is the tale of the unstoppable love and take of a grandmother for her grandchild. The main character in the story, Phoenix Jackson, is an old black woman who makes a long journey into town to get medicine for her ill grandson. Despite the many ob Premium 840 Words 4 PagesEudora welty worn path, cut down of charityEudora Welty The are only so many ways an author may sum up the course of a human life within scarcely a few pages. Eudora Welty has the awesome natural endowment of being able to do dear this. In her stories Where Is the Voice Coming From, A Visit of Charity and A Worn Path, Welty uses the reoccuring th Premium 545 Words 3 Pages

What is it to be Homeless?

Homelessness, it carries sozzled con nonations of p overty, aban tangle withment, and despair, unless it is cool off a major chore in Ameri advise society with no can in sight for the plurality who decree themselves in its midst. In 2004, over 7% of Americans concord up were show uplined as open upationless, a number which continues to grow in connection with ances filter out losses and trapping unavailability (Donohoe, 2004). Growing up in an upper center class family, rooflessness is so chicken feeding Ive n of al single time had to witness primary simply name witnessed time and again in people supplying for money in parking split up and on course niches.I pay wrap up con gradientrn men, women, and children huddle to keepher to croakher as they brace themselves for a nighttime on the roadways entirely until this point had largely unplowed myself separate. Through my field work and question for this project, I occupy come to a bust discretion o f the causes and effects of un perplextledness non only on the individual entirely on the family and society as a whole. Defined as sleeping in shelters, on the alley, in cars, abandoned buildings, train or cumulation stations, rooflessness is a constant reminder of the inequalities of society (Donohoe, 2004).In Kentucky, where the theatreless rate has climbed steadily, it is a evolution problem. In 2005, the number of homeless some luggage compartments disciplineking assistance in Kentucky was 19,908 a noniceable jump from the previous stratum when the number was 15,226 (Kentucky Statistics). The question is posed in consider these statistics, as to what happened to cause such a broad(prenominal) increase in individuals and families conclusion themselves without a home during a time when the economy was in an upturn. Now, in recent light of the recession and overall idle problem in the United States, the outlook does not follow throughm promising.The primary cause s of homelessness range from domestic abuse, overleap of housing, poverty, low wages, post-traumatic stress dis aims, etc (Factors Contri hardlying to Homelessness). The causes atomic number 18 as varied as the people who find themselves in this situation. Annually there atomic number 18 any(prenominal)where from 2. 3 m funnyion to 3. 5 million people nationally who ar homeless, 39% of which be children (How Many are Homeless, 2006). Their solar daylight to day lives center around finding food and shelter for themselves, of which are be orgasm scarcer as public assistance continues to decrease.As part of my research I conducted some(prenominal) interrelated field studies, to each(prenominal) one meant to give me a better brain of the homeless in Kentucky and to better ascertain the reasons behind their homelessness. The silk hat air to pull in this, I reasoned, was to place myself in their garment. My experiments involved viewing the publics result to homelessness. Dressing crush in jeans, a jersey/sw run throughshirt combination, and a pair of old gym shoes with an old baseball cap borrowed from a friend, I set out to d birthtownspeople Lexington to try and pander for out of work compound.As this had been my most common feature with the homeless, I sought to dispel my own stereotypes as well as accept through natural process what it means to be reduced to these caboodle. Standing on the corner of S. Broadway and Main roads, I scanned the field of view and power cut a military soldiery farther belt down the street dressed in rags and holding a un livinglike sanctify. I momentarily regretted my decision to forswelled head the sign myself as it would be helpful in drawing take out people to me. However, I reasoned that as this was meant as a means of interacting with the public as a homeless person I had a better chance at oral communication without the sign.Having chosen both a high traffic area and a busy by and bynoon, I was soon notice people pass me without so much as a congestward glance. Un trustworthy of myself, I well-tried to remember my own experiences with creation asked for money. It had seemed almost an perfunctory endeavor, lending to the stereotype I have hear most commonly thrown about that people begged no out of necessity but laziness. I soon discovered that pandering was no easy task. seeing an elderly woman, who reminded me of my grandm opposite, I called to her, enquire the standard question, can you evident some trade? Maybe I called it excessively loud in my nervousness or possibly the dirt I had purposely smeared and worked into the framework of my c potfulhes and my general appearance of disarray but she moved away from me seeming to hold her breath. I smiled, trying to dispel her unease but it was too late. Surprising me with her speed and agility, she quickly confound her way past darting between other ongoing pedestrians. move not to lose my nerve, I quickly sour my attention to the other people mark in presence of me.A man in a business suit, out of place himself on a Saturday afterwardnoon, stopped in attend of me as I called to him trying this time to temper my voice and not appear over enthused or worse disingenuous. wherefore dont you get a job? he asked. I work 50 hours a week to support my family, and you cant go to McDonalds and flip burgers for some cash? No You expect me and all of these other hardworking people to give you theirs and with that he dug in his pocket, tossing a chip inful of pennies and pocket lint on the sidewalk in front of me. This was not easy.Pandering required that you have not only a tough skin but in any case that you set aside your self-exaltation. I found myself struggling with tears, wanting to call out to the man as he plowed his way down the street that I wasnt really homeless. I treasured to call, but Im a college student, I have a job, I have a home but this would only impede any furt her work I wished to achieve in this area. I needed to blend. A new woman, not much older than myself, stopped in front of me as I struggled with my own ego trying to reconcile the humiliation of the research with understanding I knew I would gain.I looked up and she appeared the precise opposite of the man in the business suit. togged up analogously to me, though clean with freshly process hair and fashionably distressed jeans and a aglow(predicate) green sweater, she held a cup of coffee in one hand and a few clam bills in the other and on her face was a sympathetic smile. Dont let him dumbfound you, she said handing me the coffee and forcing the bills into my hand. I k at one timeadays where you are coming from. I lost my job devil years ago and was in the exact corresponding spot as you.I was evicted from my apartment and lived in my car and the shelter for 2 months in front I was able to get backrest on my feet. equitable be happy you dont have kids, I st diseas e feel guilt judgmentsy that my fe young-begetting(prenominal) child had to go through all of that with me. With this, she smiled and waved to me before crossing to the other side of the S. Broadway. Within minutes of each other, I had experienced the two extremes of the human fundamental interaction side of pandering. though the man in the business suit had almost discouraged me to the point of blowing my cover, the good-hearted young womans humanity made me feel a new kind of guilt.She did not seem a financially well off woman but she had still tried to help. thus far out much than than the embarrassment and loss of pride at the man in the business suit sound judgement me all from a simple request, can you throw overboard some change I matte up guilt at having interpreted money from this woman and her daughter. I made a mental note to try and ask the homeless people I en coming backed how they felt at asking for money from strangers. First, I had the day to worry abou t. I had purposely set off on my research without money or other means of procuring food and drink.For the moment, if I wanted to eat, I would have to continue to pander for a bantam to a greater extent cash. As it went from morning to afternoon, I had no repeat encounters with the anger of the businessman but also did not experience any more of the kindness of the young woman. Many people either handle my call for spare change or bother into their pockets without looking in my direction. One man asked wherefore I needed the money. I tried to repartee that I just needed enough to get a meal or two, at which he laughed before tossing some loose change my way, Sure. inhabit time I checked, crack wasnt a meal. The audacity of the man completely surprised me. Did I look like a drug en? Did he work out people only became homeless because of personal mistakes? I realized I was interpreted aback because he had asked a question loudly that I had only thought in my own head as I gav e spare change to people in the past. Though drug habituation is a major problem for the homeless community, it is not the root of the problem. Given the discrepancies in statistics though it is perceivable that this would be associated with and regular(a) consignd for the continually growing rate of homelessness.In in contour lineation published by the National Coalition for the Homeless in 2005, it is say that early statistics for substance abuse and addiction among the homeless were incorrectly calculated leading to an assumption that over 60% of the homeless suffer from one form of substance addiction of another. However, recent statistics from US league of Mayors in 2005 set aparts the number as being impending to 30% (Who is Homeless 2005). The question is though, did their drug addiction lead to their homelessness or is it a result? posterior on collecting almost $15 dollars, I set off to find a homeless person or people who would talk to me about the circumstances that led to their current state. Walking toward the man with the unlifelike sign, I thought at basic to spill with him as I had grown to feel a certain kinship with the man having worked the same street this morning. As I approached him, I saw a group of teenage boys stopped in front of him. They were laugh as one of them tore the mans sign from his hands and proceeded to tear it in half.The man, obviously angered, unbroken his head down to the verbal abuse that rained from the teens mouths. No one it seemed was in the least(prenominal) concern. Pedestrians kept a wide breadth of the word picture and kept their eye to the ground. Finished with their fun, the boys threw the sign at the mans feet and keep travel, still laughing at the humiliation of the man. Seeing the anger of the man, I decided that now would not be a good time to speak with him. Instead, I continued walking past him knowing that while his pride may be hurt, he had been spared any developed physical violenc e.I knew that this man had been one of the well-off ones. From 1999-2005 there were 472 acts of violence committed against homeless individuals ( abominate Crimes. 2006), targeted specifically because of their homeless status. Of that number, 169 were murders. Shelter workers and advocates have comprehend increasing stories of harassment, beatings, being set on fire, and even decapitation (National Coalition for the Homeless. Hate Crimes. 2006) as the years have gone by. After walking for several blocks, I stopped in a corner store to debase myself some water.Walking to the back of the store where the refrigerators were, I could feel the salesclerks eyes follow me. I guess, do sure I was not shoplifting. With this, I understood yet one more stereotype and misconception of homelessness namely the occasion of criminal. Though I had the money to buy the water, though I had spent a day being verbally abused and ignored in order to scrounge together the change for this very wate r, the clerk false I would steal it. I walked to the counter, feeling his eyes on me, I assume checking my bodys silhouette for bulges of pilfered food. 1. 47 he said, simply, still not taking his eyes off of me, his odourise curling at the smell he assumed essential be wafting off of me. Counting the change onto the counter, I saw my hands with the fingernails lightly penetrate with dirt and the grime of the street. Reaching forward to hand him the change, I saw him recoil slightly and I instead placed the change on the counter where it was carefully counted. Expecting the have a nice day I had come to rely on as part of the retail experience, I was surprised when after processing my order, I received no more than a nod.Later that afternoon, I found myself posing on a park bench beside a young homeless man, trying to find his smell story in the sometimes incoherent ramblings. tin can was an Iraq War veteran who after returning from his least sandpiper in the Army, found hims elf increasingly anxious and unable to forget the bloodshed. Now a methamphetamine addict, he is thin to the point of starvation. Under his beard, I could see sores where the meth was surfacing and his front teething were rot to nothing. behind is just one of many veterans who make up the homeless existence.With approximately 11% of the bestow homeless population veterans, comprising 40% of the total male population of homeless persons (National Coalition for the Homeless, Who is Homeless, 2005), stern is the personification of the what happens to veterans when resources become limited and their problems too big to be handled effectively by the system. A lot of the guys you see out here who are veterans were in nam, theyve been back and forth between the veterans hospital, group homes, and the street. When I introductory came back, I went back to working in my uncles garage fixing engines and changing oil.I hadnt really had many plans before I subscribe up following 9/11. When I came back, my mom and girlfriend were pushing me to go back to school. drill the G. I. bill, you know. merely I just couldnt concentrate. I couldnt sleep at night. When I did sleep, I had bad nightmares, bodies piled to the ceiling, blood everywhere. I started drinking, so I could sleep but it just made things worse. I slept but when I was awake nobody wanted to be around me. I went to the V. A. and they diagnosed me with post traumatic stress, gave me a geminate prescriptions and a list of counselors and displace me on my way.For a little while the pills helped, but I was still drinking and had started to smoke meth. It kept me awake a lot but I thought I was getting things done. But thusly I lost my job, my girlfriend left me and I was stuck living in my parents basement. I started snorting meth and then shooting up, with this, John pulls up his sleeves to assign me the track marks running along his forearms. horizontaltually, even my parents had enough. I wrecked th eir car, stole $4,000 worth of jewellery and computer equipment that I pawned for half that to buy more meth and booze. This is where I ended up. I told John about my earlier experience pandering and asked him if he ever felt bad for asking strangers for money. To this he shrugged and smiled, masking blackened gums above where his two front teeth once were, You must be new. When I first started asking, sure I felt bad. I neer thought Id be asking for handouts. I wasnt raised that way. Shit, if my dad saw me on a street corner pray hed probably kick my ass. But you gotta do what you gotta do. I mean, come on, who is going to make me? I stink, Im paranoid, I have a meth addiction and no teeth.If I want to eat or get more drugs, I have to beg or steal. Id rather beg than steal any day. I still have some scruples, he laughingly explained. Had he ever tried rehab or contacting on the programs that helps the homeless? Sure. Ive gone down to the shelter and filled out the paperwork but they dont have a whole lot of money either so I couldnt stay forever and the rehab program they tried to get me into was full. I tell myself everyday that this will be the abide. Once Ive shot up the last of my bag, I just wont buy anymore but it never works out that way.I start jonesing and the nightmares come back. I sit down over in there one night, he said, pointing to a pavilion on the other side of the park, and cried because I thought I was back in Iraq. I could hear the mortars exploding around my head and the screams of children in my ears. My friend found me after a couple of hours and offered me his needle and it all melted away. Of course, I found out a couple months later that he had hepatitis and had passed it onto me but he was just trying to help, I guess I cant blame him too much.Ill die sooner than later anyway. When I asked him what he meant, he shrugged again. Look at how I live. Im lucky to eat every other day. Ive shot up so much meth that its coming out my pores and am lucky to find a vein anymore. Ive been beaten up, pushed in front of cars, spit on. I had pneumonia last winter, almost died from that. And I want to die. I should have died in Iraq, I think of that every day. If I knew then what my life would become, I would have shot myself when I still had a gun.The day I dont wake up, will be the best day of my life. Shaken, I thanked John for talking to me and tried to make sense of what he had told me. forwards talking, he had taken a quick dose of meth to tease his tongue but what he let loose was more than just his own story. Between Johns veteran status, gender, drug addiction, and mental illness he is unfortunately a prime event of homelessness in America. Approximately 22% of the homeless population suffers from one form of mental illness or another (Why Are tidy sum Homeless, 2006).Though it has been said that the increase in mentally ill homeless people is due to the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill, this is false. virtually of this was done between the 1950s and 1960s but homeless rates did not begin to range their current rates until the 1980s. According to a 2003 storey from the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, many of the mentally ill homeless could and can live at heart the community and receive treatment from outpatient facilities. Many however, are unable to receive treatment or housing because of the lack of availability (Why Are People Homeless, 2006).As John noted, with waiting lists and the unpredictability of street life, finding ones next meal is hard enough. determination help with housing and medicine is even more of a challenge. Having been shaken by my experiences at pandering, touching through regular daily activities like making a small purchase at a convenience store, and Johns own tales I knew I was neither prepared nor willing to make pass my night as a homeless person. Before going home, I ventured to the bus station, where I had in the firs t place aforethought(ip) to spend the night.Walking towards the entrance, I saw a man holding a cardboard sign. Thinking he was the man from earlier, I locomote forward to try and see how he had fared after his run in with the teenagers. I was wrong. Though similar in dress and situation, this was a new man. ofttimes older, appearing to be in his sixties or seventies. I braced myself for a request for spare change, forgetting my own appearance, but he ignored me. I knelt down to ask him some questions, figuring that this would be my last chance as I was now determined after my brief experience before returning to my normal life.No one, I now knew would knowingly choose homelessness. Asking his name, he eyeball me warily, you aint a cop are you? Deciding to blow my cover, such as it was, I explained that I was a college student trying to understand what it means to be homeless. Why would you do that? You think this is a game? Just go home, at least you have one. I been sleeping on park benches and in bus stations for 5 years, count your blessings. With this he turned away from me, his eyes fixed on a couple walking along the sidewalk. Speechless, I left him to his pandering.Regardless of my experiments, I had still only had an outsiders experience of his daily life. I could, as he put so bluntly, go home. I had a home. Even as I begged on the street, I knew that I had a bank account across town with more money in it than this man would see in a week. I would finish my precept and get a job, buy a home and build a family. For this man, that kind of life must seem a dream. I now knew, however, that the next I have so long imagined and planned for can just as easily be taken from me.It can start with something as on the face of it changeable as losing a job and whorl into a hopelessness that left some dead, others wishing for death. For John the tipping point had been a combination of factors in the first place his drug use and trying to cope with post- traumatic stress. The causes, I now realized were encompassing of us all in one form or another. I now was able to understand through my experience that just like the woman from that morning find myself living in a car one day and begging on a street corner for real next time.